What are the three types of human error identified in aviation?

The identification of human errors in aviation is crucial for improving safety and operational effectiveness. The three types of human error—omission, commission, and extraneous—provide a framework for understanding how mistakes can occur in complex environments like aviation.

Omission errors occur when an action that should have been taken is not performed, such as forgetting to complete a pre-flight check or neglecting to communicate critical information during a flight. These errors typically stem from lapses in attention or memory.

Commission errors involve taking an incorrect action or making an erroneous decision, such as incorrectly configuring cockpit controls or misinterpreting instruments. These errors often arise from a misunderstanding of procedures or a failure to follow established protocols.

Extraneous errors are those actions or factors that are unnecessary or irrelevant to the task at hand, which can distract from the primary objectives. This could include being influenced by misleading information or outside interruptions that lead to mistakes.

Together, these categories help aviation professionals analyze incidents and develop strategies to mitigate risks associated with human performance, ultimately enhancing safety and operational reliability. Understanding these error types is fundamental for addressing the cognitive and situational factors that contribute to human error in aviation environments.