What variable affects the speed of sound in the atmosphere?

The speed of sound in the atmosphere is significantly affected by temperature changes. As the temperature rises, the molecules in the air move more quickly, allowing sound waves to travel faster. Typically, in warm air, sound can move more efficiently because the increased kinetic energy of the air molecules facilitates the transmission of sound waves. Conversely, in cooler air, sound travels slower due to the reduced energy of the molecules.

While other factors like humidity can have a minor effect on sound speed, temperature remains the primary influencing variable because it directly impacts the density and elasticity of air. Similarly, pressure variations and wind speed can alter the propagation of sound but do not fundamentally change the speed at which sound travels through air like temperature does.

Understanding these dynamics can aid pilots and individuals working with sound and communication technologies in varying atmospheric conditions.